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The advent of Industry 4.0 has brought about a paradigm shift in the manufacturing landscape, introducing advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and artificial intelligence. These technologies have revolutionized how businesses operate, enabling increased efficiency, improved productivity, and enhanced decision-making. However, the integration of legacy systems into this new…

In recent years, the concept of Industry 4.0 has gained significant attention as the next wave of industrial revolution. It represents the integration of advanced digital technologies into manufacturing processes, transforming traditional factories into smart factories. At the heart of this transformation lies smart factory integration, which enables the realization of Industry 4.0 principles and…